Elementary Learning (小学)

Item

Title
Elementary Learning (小学)
Chinese Title
小学
Romanizations
Xiao xue
Xiaoxue
Hsiao-hsüeh
Alternate Chinese Title
小學
Alternate Chinese Title Romanization
Parvulorum schola
Author(s)
Zhu, Xi
Year
1187
Summary
The Xiaoxue (or Hsiao-hsüeh), compiled by the Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi in 1187, is a foundational primer for moral education. Often translated as "Elementary Learning" or "Lesser Learning," it was designed as the essential precursor to the Daxue (Great Learning).

Rather than abstract metaphysics, the text focuses on practical ethics and daily conduct. It compiles classical excerpts and historical anecdotes to teach youth the "basics": filial piety, respect for elders, and proper etiquette. Zhu Xi believed that a disciplined character—forged through everyday virtues—provided the necessary moral bedrock for deeper philosophical study later in life.
Item sets
Classical Texts

Linked resources